IP Address: IPv4 aur IPv6 me kya antar hota hai? – Examples ke sath
Internet par chalne wali har device – chahe wo computer ho, smartphone, smart TV ya IoT device – ek unique IP Address (Internet Protocol Address) ke through pehchani jaati hai. Ye ek unique number hota hai jo network par connected device ko identify karta hai, bilkul waise hi jaise aapke ghar ka ek address hota hai.
Aaj ke time me do major versions use hote hain: IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) aur IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6). Dono hi ek hi purpose serve karte hain – devices ko ek unique identity dena – lekin inme kuch fundamental differences hote hain.
IP Address Kya Hota Hai?
IP Address ek numerical label hai jo har device ko diya jata hai jo Internet Protocol ka use karke network se communicate karta hai. Iske do main kaam hote hain:
- Device ki identification (ye kaun hai)
- Device ka location (ye kahan hai)
Example: Agar aap apne browser me http://142.250.190.14 type karenge to ye Google.com khulega, kyunki Google ka ek server isi IP address se accessible hai.
IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4)
Kya hai IPv4?
IPv4 ko 1980s me introduce kiya gaya tha aur ye sabse purana aur widely used version hai. Iska format 32-bit numeric address hota hai jo 4 parts me divide hota hai (octets).
Format:192.168.1.1
- Har part 0 se 255 tak value hold karta hai.
- Total unique IPv4 addresses: 4.3 billion (2^32)
Example:
- Home WiFi router:
192.168.0.1 - Google DNS:
8.8.8.8
IPv4 ki Problems
- Address space limited hai (sirf 4.3 billion addresses).
- Internet users aur devices kaafi zyada badh gaye hain.
- Security features limited hote hain.
IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6)
Kya hai IPv6?
IPv6 ko 1998 me introduce kiya gaya tha taaki IPv4 ke limited address problem ko solve kiya ja sake. Ye 128-bit address system hai jo bohot zyada unique addresses provide karta hai.
Format:2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0___:8a2e:0370:73__
Yaha _ ki jagah pe koi hexadecimal numbers hote hai
- Har address hexadecimal me hota hai (0-9 aur a-f letters use hote hain).
- Total unique IPv6 addresses: 340 undecillion (2^128) – ye itne zyada hain ki theoretically har insaan ko trillions of IP mil sakte hain.
Example:
2400:cb00:20__:1::c6__:d7a22001:4860:4860::8888(Google DNS IPv6)
IPv6 ke Benefits
- Infinite address space (no shortage).
- Built-in security (IPSec).
- Efficient routing aur faster processing.
- Mobile devices aur IoT ke liye perfect.
IPv4 aur IPv6 ke Beech Antar
| Feature | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Address Length | 32-bit | 128-bit |
| Format | Decimal (0–255) | Hexadecimal (0–FFFF) |
| Example | 192.168.1.1 | 2001:0db8:85__::73__ |
| Total Addresses | 4.3 billion | 340 undecillion |
| Header Size | 20 bytes | 40 bytes |
| Security | Optional | Mandatory (IPSec) |
| Compatibility | Widely used | Gradually adopted |
| Speed | Slower in comparison | Faster & efficient |
Real-Life Example
Scenario 1 (IPv4):
Aapka ghar ka WiFi router ka IP 192.168.0.1 hai. Jab bhi aap laptop ya phone use karte ho, wo IP ke through internet se connect hota hai.
Scenario 2 (IPv6):
Ek smart fridge jisme IoT chip lagi hai, uska ek IPv6 address ho sakta hai: 2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2. Ye directly manufacturer ke cloud server se connect karke updates ya data send karega.
IPv4 vs IPv6: Transition
Abhi bhi duniya ka major part IPv4 par run karta hai, kyunki puri duniya ke systems, routers, servers aur software usi ke liye design hue hain. Lekin dheere-dheere IPv6 adoption badh raha hai – especially mobile networks aur advanced ISPs me.
India me bhi major telecom operators jaise Jio aur Airtel ne IPv6 support shuru kar diya hai.
Conclusion
IPv4 aur IPv6 dono ka kaam ek hi hai – devices ko ek unique address dena – lekin unka approach alag hai. IPv4 ab limited ho chuka hai aur uska address pool almost exhaust ho gaya hai, isi liye future IPv6 ka hai.
Aane wale samay me jab har ghar me smart devices, IoT systems aur AI-based gadgets honge, tab IPv6 hi un sabko seamlessly connect karega.
Aapke liye important ye hai ki aap samajh pao:
- IPv4 ab bhi common hai, lekin future-proof nahi.
- IPv6 ko samajhna aur implement karna business aur IT professionals ke liye critical hai.
